ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the role of B7-H3 in the Tie2 expressing monocytes (TEMs) mediated angiogenesis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).Methods Level of B7-H3 expression on TEMs surface was detected by flow cytometry in ccRCC tissues and normal renal tissues,which were obtained from April 2016 to August 2016 from 20 patients.Microvessel density (MVD) labeled by CD34 in high B7-H3 + TEMs group and low B7-H3 + TEMs group was detected by immunohistochemical examination in ccRCC specimens.B7-H3 + TEMs and B7-H3-TEMs were co-cultured with the 786-O cell lines,and B7-H3 + TEMs and B7-H3-TEMs culture supernatants were collected as conditioned medium,then the effect of B7-H3 + TEMs on angiogenesis was tested by tubule formation assay and mouse aortic ring assay.Results Flow cytometry showed that the frequency of B7-H3 expression on TEMs in ccRCC was (45.10 ± 17.78)％,and the frequency of B7-H3 expression in normal kidney tissues was (10.28 ± 4.28) ％.The frequency of B7-H3 expression on TEMs was significantly higher than that in normal renal tissues (P ＜ 0.001).The MVD of high B7-H3 + TEMs group (103.81 ± 29.28) was higher than that of low B7-H3 + TEMs group (76.55 ± 20.80) (P =0.027).The results of tube formation assay showed that the number of tubule formation of HUVEC in B7-H3 +TEMs group(55.25 ± 11.48) was significantly greater than that of B7-H3-TEMs group (31.34 ± 8.45) and blank control group (25.00 ± 6.74) (P ＜ 0.001).The results of mouse aortic ring assay showed that the number of neovascularization in B7-H3 + TEMs group(77.35 ± 18.47) was significantly greater than that of B7-H3-TEMs group (39.42 ± 8.29) and blank control group (28.79 ± 7.63) (P ＜0.001).Conclusions B7-H3 + TEMs can promote angiogenesis in ccRCC,and might act as an effective target in anti-angiogenic therapy for ccRCC.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Sun's tip-flexible ureterorenoscopy (tf-URS) combined with holmium laser lithotripsy in treatment of renal and upper ureteral calculi.MethodsClinical data of 48 patients (29 males and 19 females) with renal and upper ureteral calculi treated by tf-URS with holmium laser lithotripsy in our hospital from November 2015 to May 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.Among 48 patients there were 29 males and 19 females with a mean age of (37.8±12.5) years (21-67), including 31 cases of upper ureteral calculi and 17 cases of renal calculi with a mean stone size of (1.4±0.6) cm (0.8-2.1).The tf-URS was advanced through the ureter under visual direction with rigid mode.When the endoscope reached the ueteropelvic junction, the inner flexible part was extended out to explore the pelvicaliceal stones and then the holmium laser lithotripsy was performed.The therapeutic results were evaluated by KUB 2 days after operation and color ultrasonography or CT 4 weeks after operation.Results The success rate of insertion of tf-URS was 94% (45/48).The calculi were detected in 45 cases, and laser lithotripsy succeeded in 43 cases (96%).The rate of total stone clearance was 87% (39/45).The procedure was transformed to laparoscopic or percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in 3 patients with ureterostenosis or ureteral distortion.No serious complications occurred.Conclusion The tf-URS with holmium laser in the treatment of renal and upper ureteral calculi is safe,reliable and effective.